Tugas ENGLISH FOR IT 1

Nama.     : Agung Ridzo Nugroho

Nim         : 1233472819

Jurusan   : CCIT 

Example for the right answer : A .Right  Answer

Example for the wrong answer : B. Wrong Answer

PERTEMUAN 1

Although stage plays has been set to music since the era of the ancient Greeks, when the dramas of Sophocies and Aeschylus were accompanied by lyres and flutes, the usual accepted date for the beginning of opera as we know it is 1600.

q    According to this passage, when did modern   

     opera begin?

     A.  In the time of the ancient Greeks

     B.  In the fifteenth century

     C.  At the beginning of the sixteenth century

     D.  At the beginning of the seventeenth century

q    The word it in paragraph 1 refers to

     A.   opera               B.  date            C.  era             D.  music

As a part of the celebration of the marriage of King Henry IV of France to the Italian aristocrat Maria De Medici, the Florentine composer Jacopo Peri produced his famous Euridice, generally considered to be the first opera.

q     According to the author, what did Jacopo Peri write?

      A.  Greek tragedy

      B.  The first opera           

      C.  The opera Maria de Medici

      D.  The opera The Camerata

q     The author suggests that Euridice was produced

      A.  in France

      B.  originally by Sopocles and Aeschylus

      C.  without much success

      D.  for the wedding of King Henry IV

Following his example, a group of Italian musicians, poets, and noblemen called the Cameratabegan to revive the style of musical story that had been used in Greek tragedy. The Camerata took most of the plots for their operas from Greek and Roman history and mythology, beginning the process of creating an opera by writing a libretto or drama that could be used to establish the framework to the music. They called their compositions opera in musical or musical works. It is from this phrase that the word “opera” was borrowed and abbreviated.

q     What was The Camerata?

     A.  A group of Greek musicians

     B.  Musicians who developed a new musical drama based 

            upon Greek drama

     C.   A style of music not known in Italy

     D.  The name given to the court of King Henry IV

•      The word revive in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by

      A.   Appreciate                   C.  modify

      B.  Resume                                   D.  investigate

The Camerata took most of the plots for their operas from Greek and Roman history and mythology, beginning the process of creating an opera by writing a libretto or drama that could be used to establish the framework to the music. They called their compositions opera in musical or musical works. It is from this phrase that the word “opera” was borrowed and abbreviated.

•      The word plots in paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to

      A.  locations           B.  instruments              C.  stories        D.  inspiration

•      From what did the term “opera” derive?

      A.  Greek and Roman history and mythology   

      B.   non-Italian composers

      C.  The Italian phrase that means “musical works”

      D.  The ideas of composer Jacopo Peri.

•      This passage is a summary of

      A.  opera in Italy                            C.  the development of opera

      B.   the Camerata                            D.  Euridice

PERTEMUAN 2

According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms or eruptions on the surface of the sun hurl streams of solar particles into space and eventually into the atmosphere of our planet, causing shifts in the weather on the Earth and interference with radio and television communications.

The word controversial in paragraph 1 is closet in?

       meaning to

      A.  widely accepted                        C.  just introduced

      B.  open to debate                        D.  very complicated

very complicated particles are hurled into space by?

      A.  undetermined causes

      B.   disturbances of wind

      C.  small rivers on the surface of the sun

      D.  changes in the Earth’s atmosphere

The sunspot theory is?

      A.  not considered very important

      B.              widely accepted

      C.              subject to disagreement

      D.              relatively new

According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms or eruptions on the surface of the sun hurl streams of solar particles into space and eventually into the atmosphere of our planet, causing shifts in the weather on the Earth and interference with radio and television communications.

A typical sunspot consists of a dark central umbra, a word derived from the Latin word for shadow, which is surrounded by a lighter penumbra of light and dark threads extending out from the center like the spokes of a wheel.

The word particles in paragraph 1 refer to?

      A.  gas explosions in the atmosphere

      B.  light rays from the sun

      C.  liquid streams on the sun

      D.  small pieces of matter from the sun

How can we describe matter from the sun that enters the 

Earth’s atmosphere?

      A. Very small        B. Very hot      C. Very bright D. Very hard

A typical sunspot consists of a dark central umbra, a word derived from the Latin word for shadow, which is surrounded by a lighter penumbra of light and dark threads extending out from the center like the spokes of a wheel. Actually the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, which may account for their apparently darker color. Typically, the temperature in a sunspot umbra is about 4000 K, whereas the temperature in a penumbra registers 5500 K, and the granules outside in the spot are 6000 K.

What does the author mean by the statement Actually, the

 sunspots  are  cooler  than  the  rest  of  the  photosphere,  

which may account for their apparently darker color?

      A.  Neither sunspots nor the photosphere is hot.

      B.  Sunspots in the photosphere do not have any color.

      C.  The color of sunspots could be affected by their     

            temperature.

      D.  The size of a sunspot affects its temperature.

Sunspots range in size from tiny granules to complex structures  with areas stretching for billions of square miles. About 5 percent of all sunspots are large enough so that  they can be seen from Earth without instruments; consequently, observations of sunspots have been recorded for thousands of years.

           

The word they in the paragraph 2 refers to?

            A.  structure   

            B.  spots         

            C.  miles          

            D.  granules

The word consequently in the paragraph 2 could

best be replaced by?

            A.  as a result

            B.  nevertheless

            C.  without doubt

            D.  in this way

Sunspots have been observed in arrangements of one to more than one hundred spots, but they tend to occur in pairs. There is also a marked tendency for the two spots of a pair to have opposite magnetic polarities. Furthermore, the strength of the magnetic field associated with any given sunspot is closely related to the spot’s size. Sunspots have also been observed to occur in cycles, over a period of eleven years. After the beginning of a cycle, the storms occur between 20 and 40 degrees north and south of the equator on the sun. As the cycle continues, some of the storms move closer to the equator. As the cycle diminishes, the number of sunspots decreases to a minimum and they cluster between 5 and 15 degrees north and south latitude.

In which configuration do sunspots usually occur?

      A.  In one spot of varying size

      B.  In a configuration of two spots

      C.  In arrangements of one hundred or more spots

      D.  In groups of several thousand spots

Although there is no theory that completely explains the nature and function of sunspot, several models show scientist’ attempts to relate the phenomenon to magnetic field lines along the lines of longitude from the north and south poles of the sun.

How are sunspots explained?

      A.Sunspots appear to be related to magnetic fields on the Earth.

      B. Sunspots may be related to magnetic fields that follow longitudinal lines on the sun.

      C. Sunspots are explained by storms that occur on the Earth.

      D.  Sunspots have no theory or model to explain them.

What is the author’s main purpose in the passage? 

       A. To propose a theory to explain sunspots

      B. To describe the nature of sunspots

      C. To compare the umbra and penumbra in sunspots

      D. To argue for the existence of magnetic fields in sunspots

PERTEMUAN 3

Recent  technological  advances  in  manned  and

unmanned undersea vehicles, along with breakthroughs

in  satellite  technology  and  computer  equipment,  have

overcome  some  of  the  limitations  of  divers  and diving

equipment for scientists research on the great oceans of the world. Without a vehicle, divers often became sluggish, and their mental concentration was severely limited. Because undersea pressureaffects their speech organs, communication among divers has always been difficult or impossible.

•      The word sluggish in paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to?

     A.  nervous                          B. confuse         C. slow moving          D.  very week

•      Divers have had problems in communicating under water because?

     A. the pressure affected their speech organs

     B. the vehicles they used have not been perfected

     C. they did not pronounce clearly

     D. the water destroyed their speech organs

But today, most oceanographers avoid the use of vulnerable human divers, preferring to reduce the risk to human life and make direct observation by means of instruments that are lowered into the ocean, from samples taken from the water, or from photographs made by orbiting satellites. Direct observations of the ocean floor can be made not only by divers but also by deep-diving submarines in the water and even by the technology of sophisticated aerial photography from vantage points above the surface of the water.

•    This passage suggests that the successful exploration of the ocean depends upon?

     A.  vehicles as well as divers

     B.  radios that divers use to communicate

     C.  controlling currents and the weather

     D.  the limitations of diving equipment

Direct observations of the ocean floor can be made not only by divers but also by deep-diving submarines in the water and even by the technology of sophisticated aerial photography from vantage points above the surface of the water. Some submarines can dive to depths of more than seven miles and cruise at depths of fifteen thousand feet. In addition, radio equipped buoys can be operated by remote control in order to transmit information back to land-based laboratories via satellite.

•     Undersea vehicles?

     A.  are too small for a man to fit inside

     B.    are very slow to respond

     C.  have the same limitations that divers have

     D.  make direct observations of the ocean floor

•     The word cruise in the paragraph 1 could best be replaced by?

      A. travel at a constant speed

      B.   function without problems

      C. stay in communication

      D. remain still

•     How is radio-equipped buoy operated?

     A.   By operators inside the vehicle in the part underwater

     B.    By operators outside the vehicle on a ship

     C.   By operators outside the vehicle on a diving platform

     D.   By operators outside the vehicle on a laboratory on shore

Particularly important for ocean study are data about water temperature, currents, and weather. Satellite photographs can show the distribution of sea ice, oil slicks, and cloud formations over the ocean. Maps created from satellite pictures can represent the temperature and color of the ocean’s surface, enabling researchers to study the ocean currents from laboratories on dry land. Furthermore, computers help oceanographers to collect, organize, and analyze data from submarines and satellite. By creating a model of the ocean’s movement and characteristics, scientists can predict the patterns and possible effects of the ocean on the environment.

Recently, many oceanographers have been relying more on satellites and computers than on research ships or even submarine vehicles  because they can supply a greater range of information more quickly and more effectively. Some of humankind’s most serious problems, especially those concerning energy and food, may be solved with the help of observations made possible by this new technology.

•      Which of the following are NOT shown in satellite photographs?

      A.  The temperature of the ocean’s surface

      B.  Cloud formation over the ocean

      C.  A model of the ocean’s movements

      D.  The location of sea ice

•      With which topic is the passage primarily concerned? 

      A.  Technological advances in oceanography

      B.  Communication among divers

      C.  Direct observation of the ocean floor

      D.  Undersea vehicles

PERTEMUAN 4

1.         With which of the following topics in the passage primarily concerned? 

            A.        Local research and harmful effects of fertilizer

            B.         Advantages and disadvantages of liquid fertilizer

            C.        A formula for the production of fertilizer

            D.        Content, form, and effects of fertilizer

2.         The word essential in the paragraph 1 could best be replaced by which of the following?

            A.        limited                          B.   preferred

                   C.             anticipated                                D.   required

3.         Which of the following has the smallest percentage content in the formula 4-8-2?

            A.        Nitrogen                                       B.     Phosphorus

            C.        Acid                             D.        Potash

4.         What is the percentage of nitrogen in a 5-8-7 formula fertilizer?

            A.        3 percent                      B.        5 percent

            C.        7 percent                      D.        8 percent 

5.         The word designate in the paragraph 2 could best be replaced by

            A.        Modify                                 B.            specify

            C.        Limit                            D.         increase

6.         Which of the following statements about fertilizer is true?

            A.        Powders are more popular than ever.

            B.         Solids are difficult to store.

            C.        Liquids are increasing in popularity.

            D.        Chemical granules are difficult to apply.

7.         The word they in the paragraph 2 refers to 

            A.        Powder                        B.        solids

            C.        Liquids                             D.    fertilizer

8.         The word convenient in paragraph 2 is closest in          meaning to

            A.        Effective                     B.   plentiful

            C.        easy to use                   D.   heap to produce

PETEMUAN 5

The development of the horse has been recorded from the beginning through all of its evolutionary stages to the modern form. It is, in fact, one of the most complete and well-documented chapters of paleontological history. Fossil finds provide us not only with detailed information about the horse itself but also with valuable insights into the migration of herds, and even evidence for speculation about the climatic conditions that could have instigated such migratory behavior.

•      According to the author, fossils are considered

      valuable for all of the following reasons EXCEPT?

      A.   they suggest how the climate may have been

      B.   they provide information about migration

      C.   they document the evolution of the horse

      D.  they maintain a record of life prior to the Miocene Age

•      The word instigated in paragraph 1 could best be

      replaced by?

      A.  explained         B.  caused        C.  improved    D.  influenced

Geologists believe that the first horses appeared on Earth about sixty million years ago as compared with two million years ago for the appearance of human beings. There is evidence of early horses on both the American and European continents, but it has been documented that, almost twelve million years ago at the beginning of the Pliocene Age, a horse about midway through its evolutionary development crossed a land bridge where the Bering Strait is now located, from Alaska into the grasslands of Asia, and traveled all the way to Europe.

•       What does the author mean by the statement Geologists

      believe that the first horses appeared on Earth about sixty

      million years ago as compared with two million years ago

      for the appearance of human beings?

      A.  Horses appeared long before human beings according to 

             the theories of geologists.

      B.   Both horses and human beings appeared several million years ago, if we believe geologists.

      C.              The geological records for the appearance of horses

           and human beings are not very accurate.

      D.  Horses and human beings cannot be compared by

There is evidence of early horses on both the American and European continents, but it has been documented that, almost twelve million years ago at the beginning of the Pliocene Age, a horse about midway through its evolutionary development crossed a land bridge where the Bering Strait is now located, from Alaska into the grasslands of Asia, and traveled all the way to Europe.

ü     Which of the following conclusions may be made on

              the basis of information in the passage?

            A.        The hipparions migrated to Europe to feed in developing grasslands.

            B.         There are no fossil remains of either the anchitheres or the hipparion.

            C.        There were horses in North America when the  first European colonists arrived.

            D.        Very little is known about the evolution of the hors

Less developed and smaller than the hipparion, the anchittheres was eventually completely replaced by it.

By the end of the Pleistocene Age both the anchitheres and the hipparion had become extinct in North America, where they had originated, as fossil evidence clearly indicates. In Europe, they evolve into the larger and stronger animal that is very similar to the horse as we know it today.

ü  According to this passage, the hipparion were

            A.  five-toed animals

            B.  not as highly develop as anchiteres

            C.  larger than the anchiteres

            D.  About the size of a small dog

ü  The word it in paragraph 2 refer to

            A.   anchiteres                                            C.   Miocene Period

            B.   hipparion                                     D.   Route

ü  The word extinct in paragraph 3 is closest in 

     meaning to

            A.   familiar       B.   widespread            C.  nonexistent           D.  tame

There is evidence of early horses on both the American and European continents, but it has been documented that, almost twelve million years ago at the beginning of the Pliocene Age, a horse about midway through its evolutionary development crossed a land bridge where the Bering Strait is now located, from Alaska into the grasslands of Asia, and traveled all the way to Europe.

By the end of the Pleistocene Age both the anchitheres and the hipparion had become extinct in North America, where they had originated, as fossil evidence clearly indicates. In Europe, they evolve into the larger and stronger animal that is very similar to the horse as we know it today.

It can be concluded from this passage that the?

            A.    Miocene Period was prior to the Pleistocene

            B.    Pleistocene Period was prior to the Miocene

            C.    Pleistocene Period was prior to the Pliocene

            D.    Pliocene Period was prior to Miocene

PERTEMUAN 6

Few men have influenced the development of American English to the extent that Noah Webster did. Born in West Hartford, Connecticut, in 1758, Webster graduated from Yale in 1778. He was admitted to the bar in 1781 and thereafter began to practice law in Harford. Later, when he turned to teaching, he discovered how inadequate the available schoolbooks were for the children of a new and independent nation. In response to the need for truly American textbooks, Webster published A Grammatical Institute of the English Language, a three-volume work that consisted of speller, a grammar, and a reader.

q     The word inadequate in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by?

       A.  unavailable       B.  expensive  C.  difficult     D.  unsatisfactory

q     Why did Webster write A Grammatical Institutes of the

       English Language?

       A. He wanted to supplement his income.

       B.  There were no books available after the Revolutionary War.

       C.              He felt that British books were not appropriate for

    American children.

       D.              The children did not know how to spell.

The first volume, which was generally known as The American Spelling Book, was so popular that eventually it sold more than 80 million copies and provided him with a considerable income for the rest of life. While teaching, Webster began work on the Compendious Dictionary of the English Language, which was published in 1806, and was also very successful.

q   From which publication did Webster earn a lifetime income?

    A.    Compendious Dictionary of the English Language

    B.     An American Dictionary of the English Language

    C.    An American Dictionary of the English Language: 

            Second Edition

    D.    The American Spelling Book

q   The word considerable in paragraph 1 most nearly means?

             A. large          B.  prestigious               C.  steady         D.  unexpected

In 1807, Noah Webster began his greatest work, An American Dictionary of the English Language.In preparing the manuscript, he devoted ten years to the study of English and its relationship to other languages,  and  seven  more  years   to   the  writing   itself.

Published in two volumes in 1828, An American Dictionary of the English Language has become the recognized authority for usage in the United States. Webster’s purpose in writing it was to demonstrate that the American language was developing distinct meanings, pronounciation, and spellings from those of British English.

q    When was An American Dictionary of the English

             Language published?

     A.  1817                 B.  1807        C.  1828     D.  1824

q    The word it in the paragraph 2 refers to?  

     A.   language          B.  usage          C.  authority         D.  Dictionary

q    The word distinct in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to?

     A.   new      B.  simple         C.  different    D.  Exact

PERTEMUAN 7

The San Andreas Fault line is a fracture at the congruence of two major plates of the Earth’s crust, one of which support most of the North American continent, and the other of which underlies the coast of California and part of the ocean floor of the Pacific Ocean. The fault originates about six hundred miles south of the Gulf of California, runs north in an irregular line along the western coast to San Francisco, and continues north for about two hundred more miles before angling off into the ocean. In places, the trace of the fault is marked by a trench, or, in geological terms, a rift, and a small ponds dot the landscape. Its western side always move north in relation to its eastern side. The total net slip along the San Andreas Fault and the length of time it has been active are matters of conjecture, but it has been estimated that, during the past fifteen million years, coastal California along the San Andreas Fault has moved about 190 miles in a northwesterly direction with respect to the North American plate. Although the movement along the fault averages only a few inches a year, it is intermittent and variable. Some segments of the fault do not have move at all for long periods of time, building up tremendous pressure that must be released.

For this reason, tremors are not unusual along the San Andreas Fault, some of which are classified as major earthquakes. Also for this reason, small tremors are interpreted as safe, since they are understood to be pressure that releases without causing much damage.

It is worth nothing that the San Andreas Fault passes uncomfortably close to several major metropolitan areas, including Los Angeles and San Francisco. In addition, the San Andreas Fault has created smaller fault systems, many of which underlie the smaller towns and cities along the California coast. For this reason, Californians have long anticipated the recurrence of what they refer to as the “Big One,” a chain reaction of destructive earthquakes that would measure near 8 on the Richter scale, similar in intensity to those that occurred in 1857 and 1906. Such a quake would wreak devastating effects on the life and property in the region. Unfortunately, as pressure continues to build along the fault, the likelihood of such an earthquake increases substantially.

       What is the author’s main purpose in the passage? 

            A.  To describe the San Andreas Fault

            B.  To give a definition of a fault

            C.  To explain the reason for tremors and earthquakes

            D.  To classify different kinds of faults

       How does the author define the San Andreas Fault?

            A.  A plate that underlies the North American continent

            B.  A crack in the Earth’s crush between two plates.

            C.  Occasional tremors and earthquakes

            D.  Intense pressure that builds up

       The word originates in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by?

            A.  gets wider                           C.  begins

            B.  changes direction                             D.  disappears

       In which direction does the western side of the fault move?

            A.  West             B. East          C.  North        D.  South

       The word it in the paragraph 1 refers to?

            A. San Francisco          B. ocean           C. coast           D. fault

       The word intermittent in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by which one of the following?

            A.  dangerous                         C.  uncommon

            B.  predictable                        D.  occasional

       Along the San Andreas Fault, tremors are?

            A.small and insignificant            C.  frequent events

            B.  rare, but disastrous              D.  very unpredictable

       The phrase “the Big One” refers to which of the following?

            A.  A serious earthquake       C.  The river scale

            B.  The San Andreas Fault        D.  California

       Which of the following words best describes the San Andreas Fault?

            A. Straight        B.  Deep          C.  Wide          D.  Rough